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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first treatment of choice for ADHD. They have a long history of a robust response, a high tolerance and safety across the lifespan. However, it's important to find the right medication and dosage that relieves the symptoms of your child or yourself without causing side effects. This usually requires a lot of trial and trial and open communication with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that increase activity in the central nervous system. They are widely used as stimulants for cognitive enhancement and performance by students, athletes, artists, and workers. They also serve to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. They also treat binge eating disorder, as well as other anxiety disorders. Amphetamines, methylphenidates, and other stimulant medications are among the most common. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in immediate-release and extended-release formulas. Immediate-release medication is usually taken every 4 hours. They can trigger sudden, temporary decrease in energy known as a crash once they are worn off. The crash can result in extreme hunger, mood swings, and fatigue. Instant-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeats in certain people. This is particularly true when they don't consume enough food. Extended-release medications are designed to release their active ingredients over a time of 8 to 16 hours. Your doctor may recommend this type of medication if you are looking for long-lasting symptom control without having to take a pill multiple times per day. Ritalin Concerta and Focalin are all extended-release methylphenidate drugs. Another alternative is the long-acting methylphenidate patch known as Daytrana which adheres to the skin like a band-aid and lasts all day. This kind of medicine is available to adults suffering from ADHD and need a daily dosage that lasts longer than immediate-release options. Stimulant medications don't cure ADHD however they can aid in managing symptoms by enhancing the way that neurons in the brain communicate with each with each other. By blocking or binding their receptors they can affect the levels of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine, in the brain. This allows more neurotransmitters be released, and it aids in ensuring that messages between neurons are more effectively transmitted and received. In addition to stimulants, doctors may prescribe antidepressants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants prescribed to treat ADHD are based on the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are an excellent option for those suffering from depression or anxiety. These medications are usually paired with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Another reason your doctor might switch you between stimulant and non-stimulant medications are if your old medication isn't working or causes intolerable side effects. Long-acting Between 70 and 80% children and adults with ADHD benefit from stimulants. They can reduce symptoms such as the tendency to fidget and talk over others. They also help improve social skills and job performance. The stimulant drugs begin to work once they cross the blood-brain barrier which takes about 45 to 60 minutes. They boost dopamine and norepinephrine levels in brain cells, which reduces the impulsivity and hyperactivity. The FDA-approved stimulant drugs contain two molecules: methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). Stimulants may cause side effects such as nausea or loss of appetite, as well as increased blood pressure. They can also cause anxiety and headaches. They can also cause tics to become worse and may cause sleep problems in some people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) work all day and night unlike medications which last only a few hours. They can also be used to treat other conditions such as anxiety or depression. The medications affect the way your body regulates chemicals called monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes that break down dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain. These chemicals stay in your body longer if they are not broken down. This could affect your behavior and even your thinking. Long-acting drugs can have less negative effects. Your doctor will prescribe it in smaller doses, which you take throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available in extended-release forms that you take daily. This may be more convenient for some adults, however it's important to remember that you take them each day. Other medications have been proven to be effective for a lot of adults with ADHD which includes selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These are usually prescribed for depression or anxiety, but they can also be prescribed for ADHD, and about 70% of people are able to respond. Bupropion, also known as Wellbutrin is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was found to be more efficient in a controlled research than placebos. These SSRIs can cause severe side effects like hearing ringing, anxiety, and changes to vision as well as lung and heart function in some individuals. Short-acting Stimulant medications reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These are the two chemicals that aid people in focusing and manage their behavior. These drugs come in many different forms and each one has its own brand name, such as Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two major types of stimulant medicines, methylphenidates and amphetamines. They all have similar effects, but differ in the length of their action. The methylphenidates may have a shorter-lasting effect lasting up to three hours. Amphetamines on the other hand have a longer-lasting effect. Certain individuals are better able to tolerate long-acting stimulant medication than short-acting medications, so your doctor may prescribe this type of medication. It is crucial to know as much as you can about the medication. This includes any possible side effects, how frequently it should be taken and any warnings. This will assist you and your doctor determine the best medication for you. It is important to understand that these medications can have a few negative side effects, including trouble sleeping or loss of appetite. If these occur, talk to your doctor about altering the dosage or using other medications. Adults with ADHD who do not respond well to the stimulants might be treated with non-stimulant medicines, which take longer to begin working but improve a person's ability to pay attention and manage impulses. These drugs can be prescribed on their own or in combination with stimulants. Atomoxetine, also known as Strattera or Qelbree is the very first. It is a stimulant of dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the prefrontal cortex which controls behavior. Guanfacine, also referred to as Intuniv, belongs to the class of drugs known as alpha-agonists. They work by preventing the absorption of these brain chemicals, and increasing their levels in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was originally designed to treat high blood pressure, has been proven to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations People suffering from ADHD use a variety of drug combinations. This includes stimulants paired with depressant drugs such as the guanfacine or clonidine. These drugs may influence a calming effect on the brain, and reduce symptoms like sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They can also reduce withdrawal symptoms of stimulants. However, this combination could be dangerous if it is not properly used. Serotonin Syndrome is a drug emergency which occurs when there is too much serotonin in the body. add medication adults I Am Psychiatry may also increase the heart rate and blood pressure. People with heart disease or high blood pressure are at higher risk of developing side effects from this medication. Young adults and teens are increasingly consuming stimulant mixtures. These drugs are often described as “legal highs” and are readily available in pharmacies. These drugs are also available on the black market. These substances can be hazardous particularly when they are combined with alcohol or other drugs. The use of multiple drugs can be risky. Mixing drugs can result in unpredictability and negative consequences. They include an increase in heart rate, reduced respiration, paranoia and hallucinations. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy when it comes to treating ADHD according to an investigation. Combined medication improved adherence and allowed patients to get better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. Many patients, however, quit their treatment due to side effects. In a few cases it was reported that the medication was withdrawn due to sleep problems or worsening tics. This could be due to a misdiagnosis or lack of medication. Nonstimulants can also be used to treat ADHD. These drugs improve attention span and impulse control, but they don't work like stimulants do. They are also less likely to suppress growth and alter appetite. Certain antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD. However, they have a smaller chance of improving concentration and focus. In a number of studies, the atomoxetine (Concerta) when combined with methylphenidate, gave better results than any other drug taken on its alone. The combination of these two medications was found to improve adherence and reduce the risk of adverse reactions in a majority of people. The combination was also successful in young adults and adolescents. This combination could be a viable option for children with severe ADHD.